Abstract

A successful 4D imaging requires that the non-repeatable noise due to acquisition or processing between successive seismic surveys should be minimized to bring out 4D signal unambiguously. However, even well-designed, dedicated imelapse studies are contaminated by several sources of non-repeatable noise such as differences in source waveform, varying near-surface conditions, changes in geometry/offsets due to logistics and differences in source/receiver positioning, processing algorithms/flows, data dependent operators, velocity models and statics. The accurate matching of different datasets is a key issue in a time-lapse study to extract useful 4D signal.