Abstract

The marine CSEM survey despite being the unifying and ruling technology in petroleum industry is yet to address some serious problems. To name a few these includes (i) Airwave effect which can significantly mask the reservoir response when applying standard CSEM on a shallow water continental shelf or on land. (ii) Failure of CSEM to detect hydrocarbon reservoir below the salt layer (iii) Failure of CSEM in some deep water areas (iv) Effects of bathymetry.