Abstract

Controlled source seismic is a powerful method that yields vital insights into subsurface structures, making it a widely utilized technique in geophysical investigations. In our current study conducted in the Kumaon Himalaya, we employed active seismic data to generate a high-resolution image of the subsurface. Our main objective was to investigate the region encompassing the Kaladungi fault (KF), which is recognized as an imbricated fault within the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) system and IndoGangetic plain. By utilizing this approach, we made significant observations regarding the general stratigraphy of the region. Notably, we identified a gentle northward-dipping decollement layer with a two-way travel time (TWTT) range of 3 to 3.2 seconds. Moreover, we observed that the KF causes a distinct break in the Upper Siwalik formation of ~ 0.2 seconds TWTT. The Upper Siwalik rock in this area exhibited velocities ranging from 1.8 to 2.8 km/s. Our seismic image analysis also revealed the development of a new blind fault rooted from the decollement. This newly formed fault has the potential to rupture the Indo-Gangetic plain in the future. By presenting these findings, we contribute to a deeper understanding of the subsurface dynamics in the region. Our study highlights the importance of controlled source seismic investigations in unraveling the complexities of geological structures and assessing potential seismic hazards