Abstract

Transitioning from dual to triple-source configuration increased the acquisition efficiency of the 3D-streamer survey but also simultaneously enhanced the near-offset footprint significantly. Nevertheless, triple-source shooting can be effective for surveys requiring closer crossline sampling and high trace density, while maintaining the efficiency of dual-source configurations. On the other hand, wide-tow source (Widmaier et al., 2019) layouts diversify near-offset sampling and enhance the operational efficiency, but may introduce challenges such as zero-fold CMP lines. This study outlines the relative merits and limitations of both dual-source and triple-source configurations, along with the current trend of wide-tow configurations through several tables and maps for their optimal application in modern seismic survey design.