Abstract

In numerical simulations for geomechanical modelling, the preparation of boundary conditions is a critical decision that directly influences simulated stress, strain, and deformation responses. These conditions represent mechanical constraints at model boundaries and significantly affect the accuracy of predicted outcomes. Given the complexity of the subsurface structure of geological layers and reservoir bodies, sensitivity to boundary condition definitions—whether displacementcontrolled (essential) or force-controlled (natural)—must be carefully considered. Inappropriate or overly simplified boundary assumptions can lead to erroneous interpretations of reservoir behaviour and stability. Therefore, comparative evaluation of alternative boundary prescriptions is essential to improve the credibility of simulation results in hydrate reservoir studies.